MARX'S ECOLOGY Materialism and Nature
نویسندگان
چکیده
s from these specific historic laws of the movement of population, which are indeed the history of the nature of humanity, the natural laws, but natural laws of humanity only at a specific historic development.. . . Malthusian man, abstracted from historically determined man, exists only in his brain: hence also the geometric method of reproduction corresponding to this natural Malthusian man.~ Marx sided with Ricardo's criticism of Malthus, in which Ricardo had pointed out that it was not the amount of grain that was most significant in determining overpopulation, that is, the existence of paupers, but rather the amount of employment. But for Marx the point needed to "be conceived more generally, and relates to the social mediatfon as such, through which the individual gains access to the means of his reproduction and creates them; hence it relates to the conditiom ef production and his relation to them." Overpopulation under capitalism was therefore determined not simply by the existence of a relative surplus population of workers seeking employment and thereby means of subsistence; but more fundamentally by the relations of production that made the continual existence of such a relative surplus population necessary for the system.
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